Work Breakdown Structure

Work Breakdown Structure In venture the executives a various leveled conveyance arranged breakdown of task into singular parts is called as work breakdown structure (WBS). WBS decays venture into singular capacities, expectations and work bundles that encourages asset portion, task of obligations, and estimation and control of the undertaking. Square Diagram clarifies the Work Breakdown Structure: Design Principle for WBS: The plan standards for WBS are as adhering to: * 100% Rule:The 100% guideline rule manages the turn of events, disintegration and assessment of the WBS. The 100% guideline expresses that the WBS incorporates 100% of the work characterized by the task degree and catches all expectations of the work to be finished, including venture the executives. * Mutually selective components: notwithstanding the 100% principle, the individual components of WBS should be fundamentally unrelated of one another in their definition, so as to maintain a strategic distance from mis-co rrespondence among components and disarray with respect to extend cost accounting.WBS word reference is utilized to keep away from vagueness and explaining the qualifications between WBS components. * Level of detail : Level of detail help in deciding the end point for division of work important to create a deliverable characterized by the WBS. There are a few â€Å"rules of thumb† utilized for deciding term of a movement important to create a particular deliverable characterized by the WBS. * Terminal component: A terminal component is the most minimal component in a work breakdown structure that is assessed as far as asset prerequisites, financial plan and duration.Work bundles are built up at the crossroads of WBS components dependent on which the undertaking execution is arranged and controlled. Steps for Creating a WBS: 1. Characterize the project’s final result. It frames the base of the Work Breakdown Structure archive. 2. Characterize the principle expectations which are the fundamental parts of the project’s finished result. These become segments or ‘main branches’ under the root, characterized in the past advance. 3.Break down the principle expectations into their sub-parts utilizing the same number of sub-branches varying until you have sensible ‘units of work’ which don't should be partitioned further. These units of work ought to be of a size that the task supervisor can without much of a stretch handle. WBS for a Software Project Misconception about WBS: ? WBS isn't a comprehensive rundown of work. It is rather a far reaching order of venture scope. ? WBS isn't as undertaking plan as it just determines what will be done, not how or when. WBS isn't a hierarchical chain of importance, in spite of the fact that it might be utilized when doling out duties. Points of interest of WBS: The work breakdown structure is the establishment of undertaking arranging, consequently it is created before conditions ar e distinguished and movement spans are evaluated The work breakdown structure gives a typical system to the regular improvement of the general arranging and control of an agreement and is the reason for partitioning work into determinable augmentations. A work breakdown structure licenses adding of subordinate expenses for undertakings into their progressively more significant level â€Å"parent† errands. Work Breakdown Structure So as to composed procedures in an association there are numerous ways how to accomplish it, there can be either improving the inner human asset the executives or it very well may be improving client the executives. However, doing these must have a few apparatuses to use so as to all the more likely actualize the procedures in a manner it could truly be followed adequately and effectively and one of the normal device is WBS (Work Breakdown Structure). Work breakdown structure is a route for each procedures be spoken to by segments and how it ought to be worked in a legitimate request. In this paper the case to be use is building a basic WBS where it could to characterize the constituent exercises for the venture, including configuration, trimming, buying, estimating, testing, sewing, advertising, etc, where the showcasing branch of the organization was errand to uncover another line of calfskin seats in the company’s tenth year commemoration. In applying WBS, it ought to apply the various methodologies of WBS: top-down, base up, similarity and brain mapping. What's more, finally, it should respond to the inquiries that are given for this situation. Beginning with the primary methodology, utilizing the most widely recognized top-down methodology, beneath you can see the produced part distinguished for this case. (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Top-Down Approach In the given top down methodology above, you can see that it shows a nitty gritty portrayal of elevated level segments in the subsequent column down to its sub level segments in each at the third line. Partner introduction to this is the base up approach. (See Figure 2). Figure 1. Base up Approach For the third methodology, which is similarity approach of WBS, it is the place every segment are introduced whether through the assistance of a base up or top down chart recognizing the segment or segments that need profound investigation and study so as to accomplish powerful procedure. Breaking down the case in this paper a more spotlight on study segments incorporates: building structure segment and item advertising. This implies the accomplishment for this venture is to have better and viable plan. Structure that all around fit to its ideal clients, at the same time, this by itself would not be the one and only one, it ought to likewise has top give a powerful promoting arrangement to this item to be reasonable in the market which will be the best measure of accomplishment for this venture. In conclusion, as far as brain mapping, this methodology manages two separate fundamental errands which should be distinguished by administrators on the rundown of segments. The two assignments are known as: Mutually selective and comprehensive. Following the model in Figure 2, the selective parts incorporates: Construction and Budget designation, these segments are viewed as restrictive and doesn't have to collaborate with different segments. While the segments that are recognized comprehensive or needs more concentration and subtleties are: Building configuration, buying crude materials and item showcasing. These segments needs additional consideration and subtleties to prevail in viably playing out these undertakings. In responding to the inquiries engaged with this case, beginning with what approach appeared well and good, this is really mind mapping approach, since what makes this progressively successful is that it isolates assignments that requirements better consideration and more subtleties and furthermore distinguishing selective ones which can work its own independently. This methodology helps supervisors effectively distinguish the basic way of the activities. Likewise, these methodologies additionally distinguishes to be the all the more testing of all since directors should be basic in recognizing these undertakings and further recognize what better moves need to make and even what dangers it might have so as to execute every single parts. I for one lean toward mind mapping since it causes supervisors or anybody to be progressively scientific in recognizing every parts required for any undertakings. In conclusion, WBS is a triumph to any extend in light of the fact that it helps chiefs explicitly in playing out the procedures required for any undertakings and starting there it could essentially recognize what basic territories need to have additional consideration so as to accomplish compelling and proficient outcomes for the task. (Baliton, L. , n. d. )

Love In Todays Society Essay -- essays research papers

Love In Today's Society A vital aspect for getting Sociology and the Social Sciences all in all is to assess subjects through time and thoroughly analyze qualities that have changed and those that have continued as before. For this task I have chosen for get to three sources managing love; in three particular time periods in the advanced time. First we will overview one of the principal famous mechanisms for the declaration of adoration; that of verse. I have picked a sonnet by W.H. Auden to speak to the early segment of this century-explicitly the 1930s and 1940s. I realized I needed to incorporate a tune from my venerated image Jim Morrison. Not exclusively is he the ideal voice of the unstable sex upheaval of the 1960s and 1970s; his work catches the profile of a hero who without a doubt gained his oppressive demeanor from the interminable love of agreeable ladies. In conclusion we enter the cutting edge time with an article from my preferred magazine Men's Health on the mix-ups a man must maintain a strategic distance from so as to satisfy his darling. As we will see, the expanded opportunity is intriguing in our first portrayal to the last. I will likely show how love has changed. I plan to show what is acknowledged in our general public today, contrasted and just quite a few years back. Application My sources run the extent of thoughts in the subject of affection. I think Auden's sonnet is the best portrayal of what has been named â€Å"courtly love.† This appears to be consistent, since this Romantic Era sort of adoration was a pre-cursor to what we know as present day love. The creator plays the troubadour job in his warbling style of adulating his adoration's characteristics. He admires his mate and is fulfilled simply being in a similar room as she. There are no ulterior intentions clear. Auden would be ordered as a â€Å"heavenly lover,† in that his adoration is increasingly elevated and hallowed. There is clear complexity to this vision however. In his last lines the creator, without reservation recounts his distress at his misfortune of her to another. Morrison's Love Her Madly could nearly be deciphered as a type of limerance. He has this outrageous affection for his subject: â€Å"Don't ya love her madly?† Anyone who knows the tale of Jim Morrison realizes that the subject of adoration and every one of that accompanies it was a necessary feature of his being. He is a decent case of affection with regards to a genius performer. Morrison's tunes, also, most others found... ...a work their challenges out before they detonate. End It is certainly obvious that perspectives on adoration have changed in the last decade. Social structures and standards have changed and have impacted individuals' choices in their own lives just as their impression of others. Numerous individuals would prefer to come back to the guiltless occasions of Auden where love apparently was valid and conveyed no strings. There seems to be an issue with the expanded discontinuity of society concerning discovering love today. Gone are the days when you wedded your secondary school darling and lived joyfully ever after. Expanded portability and the simplicity of movement has left love more accessible and open. Individuals need more assistance today from outside administrations like dating hotlines and the assistance of marriage mentors and physchologists to sort out their difficulties. It follows however that society is progressively perplexing and in this manner better. Ladies have more rights and more state in the public eye. There is no question that females were misused more in the past than today. While society's mentalities have changed throughout the years and will keep on transforming, a certain something continues as before: adoration is a main impetus in our lives.

The Broke Persons Guide to Gift Giving

The Broke Persons Guide to Gift Giving The Broke Persons Guide to Gift Giving The Broke Persons Guide to Gift GivingDont let your desire to give awesome, thoughtful gifts to friends and family members drive you into debtâ€"just learn how to give more with less!You’ve probably heard some version of the 1905 O. Henry story The Gift of the Magi. It tells the tale of a husband and wife who can’t afford gifts for each other, so they each secretly sell off one of their prized possessions.The wife cuts her hair and sells it to buy her husband a chain for his pocket watch andâ€"in a twist worthy of a Twilight Zone episode directed by M. Night Shyamalanâ€"her husband had sold his watch to afford expensive combs for her hair. Now both of their gifts are useless.Well, the wife’s hair will grow back eventually and she can just use the combs then. And the husband will still probably look pretty cool with an awesome chain hanging out of his pocket.Regardless, the moral of the story is that they still have their love, so it doesn’t matter that they can’t use their gifts in an optimal manner. But the real lesson is that they should have read this article! Then they would have known how you can give good gifts within your budget!Set expectations appropriately.Don’t be embarrassed to let your friends and family know you’re working on a tight budget. Its not like theyll want you taking out an online loan or cash advance just to buy them a present.If they’re the sorts of people who deserve your generosity, then they’re the sort of people who will be sympathetic to your situation. And if they do have lower expectations, then those expectations are all the more likely to be exceeded. Your gift could even be time spent together.“This summer, starting now, talk to your friends and family and suggest that you dont exchange Christmas/holiday gifts this year,” advised Holly Wolf, Director of Customer Engagement for SOLO Laboratories (@SOLO_labs). “While its warm outside, it feels planned out, thoughtful, and not just panicked over money.“ My conversations go something like this: ‘I enjoy spending time with you throughout the year.   Thats a real gift to me. So rather than exchanging gifts that we really dont need, lets commit to spending more time together this year. Lets hike more/take more walks/hang together more.   The holidays are busy and stressful enough. Lets make them easier for both of us by not exchanging.’“Nearly everyone Ive suggested this too has agreed not to exchange. Only one person needed a bit more time to come to terms with it.”Lina Kristjansen, the co-founder of FiveYearFIREescape, offered a similar approach: “One way to deal with the cycle of gift-giving is to break it altogether. If you want to do it without sounding like a Grinch, you could say: ‘This year were saving up for a vacation, lets just get together instead of exchanging gifts!’ Of course, you can replace vacation with your own goal, like paying off debt, creating a rainy day fund, or a purchase youre actually excited a bout.“People will respect your decision when you share the bigger picture behind it, instead of just saying ‘we cant afford it.’ Besides, your family and friends will probably welcome the chance to break the gift-giving cycle if you give them the alternative.”But if you still feel the need to give physical gifts, you have many affordable options that wont require a personal loan or installment loan to cover.Dissect a gift basket.If you think about it, a gift basket should really be called a “gifts” basket, since it contains multiple gifts. On that note:“If you have several friends and family members youd like to give gifts to but youre short on funds, you can always buy one large gift basket and then create smaller gifts using the included items,” suggested Beverly Friedmann, content manager for ReviewingThis (@ReviewingThis).“By purchasing a (neutral) gift basket you may be able to give several people different items at once, and you can include cards with each. T his will likely save you a considerable amount of money in comparison to purchasing individual gifts, and your recipients will never be privy to where their present came from.”Turn downsizing into giftsizing.Do you have a lot of clutter and have been thinking about Kondo-ing your living space? Well downsizing could also be an opportunity to make progress on your gift list.“Several years ago, my grandpa started giving away gifts from his past for Christmas in place of new purchases,” recounted Kelly Shea of  TrialandEater.com  (@TrialandEater) and TheWabiSabiLife.com. “These gifts come with a personalized note about why he is giving each of us this particular item, and a story from his life. These have turned into mementos that we all look forward to.“This year, as I downsized and moved, I adopted the same gifting philosophy for peoples birthdays. Items that I received from conferences or other travels, kitchen items I might have otherwise given away, a new chocolate bar, b ooks that I have finished readingâ€"if they make me think of a particular family member I gift them and tell them why.“This intention based way of gifting not only makes my family members feel like I truly thought of them, but it also cuts down on costs and gifting people items that end up as clutter that they dont need.And they dont have to be fancy to be appreciatedâ€"some items I have sent recently include chocolate and snacks, a free pineapple tote bag I would have otherwise gotten rid of, duplicate kitchen items, makeup samples, and a shirt that no longer fit me that I knew would fit my cousin. Its kind of like an adult care package!”Consider used items.“Used” doesn’t have to mean “bad” or “broken down.” Gently used items can still make very nice, and more affordable, gifts.“If giving something physical is important, visit a thrift store to look for a gently used gift instead of something brand new,” recommended Logan Allec, CPA (@moneydoneright), owner of personal finance website Money Done Right. “Thrift stores are great places to score great deals on treasures, especially if you are short on cash.”Make something.Making gifts tends to be much more affordable than purchasing them. Also the people you’re giving them to might grade the gifts on a curve. But we bet they’ll actually love them as well!“While it may seem cliche or even impossible, if youre very tight on funds you can always make your own gifts,” advised Friedmann. “If you enjoy art, writing, or making items at home (i.e. plants, jewelry, knitting), you may be able to use your skills to put together gifts that are even more special to your friends and family than store-purchased items.One of the best gifts Ive received was a card in conjunction with a self-learned piano song. The sentiment behind the gift is always the most important part.”Want a specific, relatively easy to replicate example? Read on!“Since my wife and I were both from large families, ou r holiday gift list was always quite long,” offered Timothy G. Wiedman retired professor of Management Human Resources at Doane University(@DoaneUniversity). “And when I was in graduate school, our finances were stretched pretty thin.So several years in a row, for many of our holiday gifts, my wife and I made sheets of hard rock candy in various colors (red, green, yellow, and dark gray) and complementary flavors (peppermint, wintergreen, lemon, and licorice).   As I recall, we used a simple stove-top recipe that included Karo syrup and cane sugar (with confectioners sugar topping off the finished candy).“After the basic concoction reached the proper temperature (somewhere around 300 degrees if my memory is accurate), it cooked for several minutes before each coloring/flavoring combination was added; and then it was spread (about 3/8 of an inch thick) on cookie sheets that had gotten a thin coating of confectioners sugar.Then I took the sheets outside to cool and harden by pl acing them on our ancient picnic table. We lived in central Ohio, so the finished recipe hardened fairly quickly in December. Finally, each hardened sheet of candy was cracked into smallish pieces and given a final dusting of confectioners sugar.”Now take this advice and use it in your gift-giving endeavors. There shall be no twist endings for you!Being generous is awesome, but so is staying within your budget. There are no gifts good enough to to justify taking out a short-term bad credit loan  or no credit check loan  (like a  payday loan  or title loan to pay for them. To learn more about stretching your budget further, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:The Broke Person’s Guide to Hanging With FriendsHow to Have Fun This Summer on a BudgetThe Broke Person’s Guide to Home CookingHow to Budget and Save Money When You’re Making Minimum WageDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsLogan Allec (@moneydoneright) is a CPA and owner of the personal finance website  Money Done Right.    After spending his twenties grinding it out in the corporate world and paying off over $35,000 in student loans, he dropped everything and launched  Money Done Right  in 2017.    His mission is to help everybodyâ€"from college students to retireesâ€"make, save, and invest more money.    Logan resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife Caroline.Beverly Friedmann works as a Content Manager for the consumer website  ReviewingThis (@ReviewingThis)â€"with a background in Sales and Marketing Managementâ€"and is from New York, NY.Lina Kristjansen is the co-founder of FiveYearFIREescape  where she blogs about her family’s early retirement. She quit working at 31 with kids and a house in a pricey city. Her husband retired one year after her, too. She got there through saving, financial savviness, and rental houses.Kelly Shea is a former financial anal yst turned writer and photographer who has a passion for wellness and vegetarian food. She loves sharing her recipe creations and her latest foodie adventures from her travels across the country on her food and travel blog at TrialandEater.com (@TrialandEater), along with wellness and alternative lifestyle topics at TheWabiSabiLife.com.After 13 years as a successful operations manager working at two different ‘Fortune 1000’ companies, Dr. Timothy G. Wiedman spent the next 28 years in academia teaching college courses in business, management, human resources, and retirement planning.  Dr. Wiedman recently took an early retirement from  Doane University (@DoaneUniversity), is a member of the Human Resources Group of West Michigan and continues to do annual volunteer work for the SHRM Foundation. He holds two graduate degrees in business and has completed multiple professional certifications.Holly Wolf  is an executive with over 30 years of experience in banking and healthcare.

Vaccines The Causative Agent Of A Disease Essay

A Vaccine is defined as, â€Å"A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease. Its products treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.† Vaccines have been around for hundreds of years. It is believed that the first unofficial vaccine was created in 1661 by a Chinese Emperor. Throughout the years, vaccines have become more advanced. For example, in 1955, public vaccination for Polio began and Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin found two different vaccines to fight this disease. Vaccines are very important in the world, yet many people have little knowledge about them. In today’s society, we have many different vaccines that hold great importance, though there many pros, there are still some cons still not worked out. Ever since vaccines were created, many diseases have been cured, and millions of lives have been saved. Some of the major diseases that vaccines work to prevent are; Smallpox, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Measles, Neonatal tetanus, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis, and Polio (Vaccines Bring 7 Diseases Under Control, 2016). These immunizations have been able to save about 9 million lives a year worldwide. The only disease that has been fully eradicated by vaccines so far is Smallpox. Just because Smallpox is the only disease that is gone completely, does not mean that other disease will not soon follow. It is predicted that Polio could be the next diseaseShow MoreRelatedEssay On Causative Agent1054 Words   |  5 PagesCausative Agent: Human herpesvirus-3 (HHV-3) Disease: Varicella (chicken pox) and Herpes Zoster (shingles) Classification of the causative agent: Varicella Zoster virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, sub classified as an alpha- herpesvirinae based on its DNA sequencing and genome arrangement. 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Not only is this strenuous on any health-care personnel, it requires intense staffingRead MoreEssay On Classification Of Avian Avulavirus Serotype-1967 Words   |  4 PagesClassification of Avian Avulavirus serotype-1 The causative agent of ND, is now classified as a species Avian avulavirus serotype-1 (AAV-1). Recently, the 10th annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV, EC 48, Budapest, Hungary, August 2016), categorized the virus as a member of the genus Avulavirus of the paramyxoviridae family (Alexander, 1997) in the order of mononegavirales (Knipe and Hetsley, 2001; Mayo, 2002; Murphy et al., 1995; Afonso et al., 2016). The order mononegavirales

The Current Rating System in the United States Essay

English 122 12-1-11 The Current Rating System in the United States The current content rating system in use for film, the MPAA, is the only content rating system that is legally enforced in the United States. For this reason, the system has caused controversy. Many have claimed that the system is unbalanced, as the MPAA bases the level of appropriate content for all people in the United States off of the opinions of an unidentified council of people over the age of forty (Jenkins). The stance on how the system’s effectiveness is a relative stance, however, the secondhand effects of the system are obvious and existing today. Decisions have been made by film distribution companies that have affected the way films with objectionable†¦show more content†¦This type of butterfly effect that the rating system has on films is evident: the attempt to block off certain age limits to harsh types of content has ultimately put pressure on artists to limit types of ways to tell a story in mainstream film. In the interview with filmmaker Kirby Dick on this subject, the interviewer asks him about the topic of sexuality in film, MPAA’s stance on sexuality, and how Dick represented these ideas presented in his film. Dick stated, Allison Anders makes the very interesting point that in some ways the ratings system is more restrictive of sexuality now than it was in the Sixties and Seventies. I think there are a number of reasons. Perhaps to some degree society has shifted slightly. Film studios were making some money from films that were more sexually provocative, like Midnight Cowboy. But, then again, you have to realize that the studios benefit from the systems coming down hard on films, especially on independent films about adult sexuality. To begin with, who makes those films? Independents and foreign filmmakers make those films, and thats the studios competition. So they restrict it. Its not much competition, but it does make a difference. Jt also makes it appear like the Rating Jioard is doing its job as censors, as raters, doing their job, and doesnt pay attention to the fact that all these films about violence are slipping through unencumbered by a rating. And the studio filmmakers are keptShow MoreRel atedPerformance of a Hybrid Vehicle Compared to a Gasoline Vehicle: Ford Fusion 2013 SE1139 Words   |  5 Pagesgasoline American car with an internal combustion engine was built and since that year until the late 18th century electric vehicles were introduced in the United States. 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Without a say in this fiscal burden being passed to them, the lack of a balanced budget is in effect, taxation without representation on future Americans. My proposed amendment to the United States Constitution would create a requirement for a balanced national budget each year

Counselling Skills Free Essays

The purpose of this essay is describing the counselling practices that I did in my class room. I n this reflective essay, I will describe the style of counselling that I used so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I need further improvement, my perception about the feedbacks from other students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this particular experience in detail, I can start to aware of the specific skills and technique which counsellor may use in different situation of the client in order to boost the client to take positive action by her or himself . We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now As part of community welfare curriculum, I need to role paly 20 minutes of counselling session with my colleague. Before the final role play I had done few days of practice sessions with my colleague. I was getting feedback from rest of the classmates and teacher as they would be the observers of the counselling sessions. I found the practice sessions challenging because my friend was acting as client. Even though I was playing the role of counsellor, my mind was struggling to consider my friend as client. Before embarking upon my reflection regarding counselling, I would like to contribute a brief description of about the client. My client was 52years of old lady who was looking after her 72 years of old mother. She (mother of the client) was suffering dementia. The client hast two kids who are studying. As she was working seven days, she wasn’t getting time to ventilate her feeling to anyone. Actually she came to me with complaints of stress. She was afraid to tell her mother she was contemplating nursing home care. Basically I was really focused on my micro skills rather than therapeutic skills† as they plays pivotal role in counselling skills more â€Å"I belief. The micro skills such as empathy, questioning, minimal encourages, paraphrasing , summary, eye contact, body language, voice, structure, observation, listening and reflection of feeling could germinate the pathways to motivate the clients to ventilate his or her deeper feelings and more over could help the counsellor to build up purposeful relationship with client. However I tried to involve bit of cognitive behaviour therapy specifically downward arrow and questioning technique. As a counsellor my intention was to challenge her (client) about her irrational belief’ the mother would be upset when I tell about the need of nursing care ’. I tried to confront the client with the reality of situation by supporting the client to think of probable consequences such as â€Å"what‘s the worst that could happen if tell your mum about nursing home rehabilitation? † And a part from that used technique of universalization by describing similar kind of experiences but it was not enough for my client get enough courage to face her issue. I tried the empty chair concept which I was extracted from gestalt therapy (Patterson, 1986). The empty chair was failure, even though it nurtured the idea of asking the client â€Å"how would to response to a friend of having the same scenario†? That was the turning point as it brought insight to the client that I was anticipating her mother’s response and that was I worried more about rather than agony related to send mother to nursing home. All the counselling sessions were challenging because it was very hard to consider the colleague as a client and more over I was unsure in the beginning where to start, what I would ask, how in depth the session would be and so on. On the basis of the feedback that I got, in the first few days of the counselling role play I was expressing insufficient empathy as I was not acknowledging properly the scenario of the client. The posture wasn’t good enough because I was swinging on my chair. According to my point of view I need to avoid giving advice or tendency of giving solutions as it violates the self-determination right of the client. The comments from my colleagues were very helpful as it helped me to stick in the main stream of counselling structure. In my counselling interventions, the tendency of asking more questions and collecting information (exactly same as case history taking) was not uncommon. The tendency might be because I had taken many case histories before as part of social work studies. It was confusing rather than focusing on the client’s issue. For instance once the client told about the need of rehabilitation for her mother, I was diverted from her (client) stress and started to thinking of certain strategies to deal her mother’s issue (dementia) . Therefore I just need to train myself to focus on the client issue. Feedback has a very good role in improving the skills of the counsellor. It helps to determine the area where improvement or modification is needed. For example I employed empathy but not enough to acknowledge the feelings of the client. The suggestions from my mates demonstrated the way we express empathy towards client’s feelings and also illustrated lots of relevant questions which I could ask to the client. From the brief explanation of self-reflection of counselling skills, counselling mproves personal effectiveness (Narayana Rao, 2002). The counsellor aims to bring about positive action on part of counselee and change the perception or understanding (irrational belief) by him or her shelf. The counsellor should be skilful in employing micro skills and the practical application of some sort of therapies from the counsellors could be helpful to provide self-direction to client or client. The feedbacks or comments from clients, colleagues, supervisors and other organizational staffs bring improvement or development of skills among counsellors. The counsellors themselves learn from experiences. Counsellor education and training or role plays stress the need of consistent approach in terms of counsellor’s experience, personality all reflects in his or her counselling. The practical sessions brings eligibility to counsellors to choose the style, ideas, principles, techniques and methods that appeal to him as meaningful and useful. The new insights from feedback enable the client to re-evaluate the ideas, principles, methods and modify or change according to client’s situation. This role paly session was very helpful for me because it improved my skills of developing counselling relationship with client. Now I hope I know thoroughly how would start? Howe would motivate the client to ventilate his or her feelings? How would I approach therapeutically the client? And also I could learn how could use the technique ‘silence’ effectively? So over all this counselling role paly was a great opportunity to get insight into my advantage and dis advantage of counselling skills. Therefore I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my faculty supervisor and my colleagues. How to cite Counselling Skills, Essay examples

On slavery in different nations Essay Example For Students

On slavery in different nations Essay To simply go from a familiar language, custom, tradition and even food to go to a foreign land where language sent understood, custom and tradition are different and the food is unfamiliar and distasteful to the taste buds was enough for slaves to desire death, and, in fact, actually commit suicide and make the constant attempt to run away which was hardly ever successful anyway. These African slaves were sold by their own African people to Europeans in exchange for goods, brought on ships, naked and chained like animals, to the Americas to be sold for a profitable amount in order to work the plantations and to be a slave to their white masters for the rest of their lives gaining increasing and wealth for their masters. Zion explains all of this in Chop 2, Drawing the Color Line, He explains the mistreatment and punishment that blacks encountered during the time of slavery and the physical and psychological effects that blacks were compelled to endure for the countless years of slavery and downright brutality. We will write a custom essay on On slavery in different nations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Slavery was always in effect long ago by the selling and buying that took place between the Africans and the Portuguese. Slavery also took place directly in the land of Africa from other Africans of different tribes although slavery in Africa and slavery in the Americas was much more different. Zion states, African slavery is hardly to be praised. But it was far different from plantation or mining slavery in the Americas, which was lifelong, morally crippling, destructive of family ties, without hope of any future. African slavery lacked two elements that made American slavery the most cruel form of slavery in history: the frenzy for limitless profit that comes from capitalistic agriculture; the reduction Of the slave to less than human Status by the use of racial hatred, with that relentless clarity based on color, where whites was master, black was slave (Zion, p. 28). Although Africans were slaves to their own people, it was a different kind of slavery. It was a slavery of servitude. If debt was owed, the debtors would be enslaved for a limited amount of years but they were not enslaved for life. In fact, their kids werent enslaved neither. It was very common for African slave children to be married into the family of their African masters. However, to be a slave to a white master in the Americas was to be a slave for life, childrens children a slave, be called all types of derogatory names and suffer psychologically, physically, emotionally and spiritually all for he sake of being black. Slavery in America was meant to strip away the self- respect, dignity and family ties of blacks that came from Africa, There were white indentured slaves back then that got along well with the blacks because they were all seen as equal in the eyes of their masters as well as each other, however, these white servants were treated much different from the blacks and punishment was much more severe for the blacks than it was for the whites so, still, they werent treated fairly. However, when it was noticed by the petite masters that white and black servants were uniting and teaming together to eight against the white masters, the petite masters became intimidated and came up With a new plan to brainwash the White servants and to tell them that black people are bad and that they can reach the level of affluence if they disassociate themselves from the blacks; and even they went as far as to make it a legal law for whites not to be seen in the company of blacks or even remotely involve themselves in any form Of interracial marriages. .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .postImageUrl , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:hover , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:visited , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:active { border:0!important; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:active , .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953 .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc5da80800b024dd56fd88e92b9c1953:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drawing on examples from Chapters EssayThe blacks populated the Americas and worked in the plantation helping the white masters get rich. They worked extremely hard but were not compensated or their work. They were separated from their families, branded, whipped and called all types of derogatory names to physically and psychologically break down. When they would try to start a revolution and fight back, they were killed and were easy to be killed due to the weapons that their masters possessed. However, there were some slaves hack then that actually did get away and ran up into the mountains. They were called maroons located in the island of Jamaica, According to the article, Many African American slaves fled into the hills to escape the brutality they were treated with. These became known as maroons, who lived like nomads and fed off what nature would provide them, They got away and developed their own agriculture and way of living in the mountains in which a lot of these maroons still exist today. They refused to be mistreated and suffer the consequences of slavery so this avgas their escape. Its unfortunate what happened during those days of slavery Black men were stripped away of their pride, self-respect and dignity, oven were raped and bore children of their white masters, black families were separated, division occurred amongst the light African Americans and the dark African Americans, lighter complexion African Americans had the privilege of working inside Of the homes With their masters while those of darker skin had to work the cotton field in the hot beaming sun by their lonesome dividing the African American race as a Whole, childrens children were slaves, laws were implemented to separate the blacks from the poor whites, derogatory names, whippings, lynching, burning killing were the ground rules for the slaves if they were disobedient in any kind of way to their masters and so any other things were done to the slaves back then that was so inhumane, unfair and just downright degrading. The Europeans always had the intent to enslave any nation or tribe of people that they felt were inferior to them due to their misconception of superiority, Initially, they tries to enslave the poor white Europeans and the Indians but the first white colonies in Jamestown, Virginia were outnumbered by the Indians and couldnt dare to fight against them because tort one, the Indians would fight back. And, for two, it was their land so the Indians knew how and where to escape. Whereas, the Africans were taken way from their land, brought into an unfamiliar land and so they knew nothing about this new land. And, although, they tried to fight back by killing some of their masters by retrieving their guns and poisoning them in foods, etc: they didnt have the weapons that the Europeans had so they were able to fight but so much before they were found and killed. The legalization of certain laws to protect the whites was another tactic to get rid of the Negroes in case of disobedience or fear of being attacked by the Negroes such as, All persons except Negroes were to get arms and ammunition (Zion, P 301 This didnt apply only to the Negroes but for any tribe of people that were seen as inferior to the Europeans such as the Indians. The whole plan Of the Europeans was to conquer and divide. They wanted every piece of land to themselves and didnt mind hurting Others just to get IL They mocked black people back then and shamed them by calling them animals, inhumane, inferior and bad people because of the color Of their skin. But, if you ask me, truth is, the Europeans were the true animals, inhumane, inferior and bad people to treat a race of people as less than in gain of riches, fame, and conquer.

My Last Duchess Essay Example

My Last Duchess Essay My Last Duchess When reading My Last Duchess at first it was quite confusing. The narrator doesnt finish his thoughts at the ending of every line which kept me guessing and trying to piece it all together. After reading it the third time I finally came to understand exactly what he was trying to say. The narrator was a troubled powerful man who was showing Offa piece of art to another man, but little did he know at first what exactly that painting meant. First, I would like to describe a little bit about the poem. The narrator was a Duke, and his last duchess was a beautiful young woman, but she as too intrigued by everything she saw. She was also, too nice in his eyes, because the smile she always gave him for his brilliance, he could see she would also give it to the world. In the beginning of the poem the narrator is already speaking toa man and showing off his painting on the wall done by Fra Pandolf. He makes sure he states the artist name because he know he will soon be asked the question of how he captured such a wonderful painting. The Duke goes on to say: How such a glance came there; so, not the first Are you to turn and ask thus. We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sir, twas not Her husbands presence only, called that spot Of Joy into the Duchess cheek: perhaps Fra Pandolf chanced to say Her mantle laps Over my ladys wrist too much, or Paint Must never hope to reproduce the faint Half-flush that dies along her throat: such stuff Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough For calling up that spot of Joy. (12-21) The Duke is there stating how he knows his duchess was so naive and so delighted by such flirting and by a man Just simply being nice enough to give her a compliment that she would suddenly blush and smile. You can then come to see that the narrator is a Jealous man and probably insecure as well. He did not like to share, nor did he like to be belittled or made a fool. I wouldnt say that he was a bad man, but more of a complicated soul. Why? He says: Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, Wheneer I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? (43-45) Those words are clearly stating his trouble with Jealousy. He needs to be in control and the one and only. Possession even comes to mind. Because of such Jealousy, and such pride he let it all get the best of him. He is a moral man and in high command. Such high command that he knows of what his powers allow him to do. Which such power shows that he is unsympathetic. I believe his biggest conflict throughout the poem was him coming to realize what exactly he had done, and why exactly he had done it. By saying the words out loud and hearing them being spoken he could see what kind of man he truly was, or at least I could. He didnt know how to control his duchess of being such an intrigued naive beauty, nor did he know how to deal with it emotionally and mentally. Which leads me to the ending of the poem, while the duke and explaining how he lost the first one. I quote, Robert Brownings states in the following lines, This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. (45-46) Here he shows his power and his Jealousy. He says how he gave commands to have her killed so that her beautiful smile which she gave to all who intrigued her would no longer be. This was his way of keeping himself sane and at peace and to know he had the last say, he control over her. I guess you could call this man in love, and one who is troubled in his own green monster of Jealousy. Up until that last part, which I stated above, I thought of him as a troubled man, in love, and confused on how to handle his Jealousy. I didnt think of his as cruel or crazy, Just a little thoughtless, which is ironic because clearly he gave a lot of thought in his last commands. The part of the poem which made me think of his being a little crazy was the ending of the poem, where he switches off like a light. Stating: There she stands As if alive. Willt please you rise? Well meet The company below, then Nay, well go Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though, Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity, Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me! (46-56) He is there, reminiscing almost, about his old beautiful wife, in front of the man who is negotiating his new marriage to another young girl, and you can see how he pours his old life out to this man and then completely Just stops and starts to talk about a meaning sculpture as if nothing has happened, as if he didnt have his last wife killed. That is what made be believe he is almost heartless. My Last Duchess Essay Example My Last Duchess Paper Robert Browning’s â€Å"My Last Duchess† Published 1842 Our world is changing and evolving at an astounding rate. Within the last 200 years, we have seen two World Wars and countless disputes over false borders created by colonialists, slavery, and every horrid form of human suffering imaginable!! Human lifestyles and cultures are changing every minute. While our grandparents and ancestors were growing up, do you ever think they imagined the world we live in today? What is to come is almost inconceivable to us now. In this world, the only thing we can be sure of is that things will change. With all of these transformations occurring, it is a wonder that a great poet like Robert Browning may write words so many years ago, that are still relevant to you and I in todays modern society. Browning’s first dramatic monologue â€Å"My last duchess† was written during the Italian Renaissance when egotism, marriage and aristocracy influenced the society. The monologue is loosely based on historical events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who lived in the 16th century. The Duke is the reciter of the monologue, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’s marriage (he has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family. As he shows the visitor through his palace, he stops before a portrait of the late Duchess, apparently a young and lovely girl. The Duke begins reminiscing about the portrait sessions, then about the Duchess herself. We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His musings give way to a diatribe on her disgraceful behaviour: he claims she flirted with everyone and did not appreciate his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-years- old name. † As his monologue continues, the reader realizes with ever-more chilling certainty that the Duke in fact caused the Duchess’s early demise: when her behaviour escalated, â€Å"[he] gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together. † But Browning has more in mind than simply creating a colourful character and placing him in a picturesque historical scene. Rather, the specific historical setting of the poem harbours much significance: the Italian Renaissance held a particular fascination for Browning and his contemporaries, for it represented the flowering of the aesthetic and the human alongside, or in some cases in the place of, the religious and the moral. Thus the temporal setting allows Browning to again explore sex, violence, and aesthetics as all entangled, complicating and confusing each other: the lushness of the language belies the fact that the Duchess was punished for her natural sexuality. The Duke’s ravings suggest that most of the supposed transgressions took place only in his mind. Like some of Browning’s fellow Victorians, the Duke sees sin lurking in every corner. The reason the speaker here gives for killing the Duchess ostensibly differs from that given by the speaker of â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† for murder Porphyria; however, both women are nevertheless victims of a male desire to inscribe and fix female sexuality. The desperate need to do this mirrors the efforts of Victorian society to mould the behaviour—sexual and otherwise—of individuals. For people confronted with an increasingly complex and anonymous modern world, this impulse comes naturally: to control would seem to be to conserve and stabilize. The Renaissance was a time when morally dissolute men like the Duke exercised absolute power, and as such it is a fascinating study for the Victorians: works like this imply that, surely, a time that produced magnificen t art like the Duchess’s portrait couldn’t have been entirely evil in its allocation of societal control—even though it put men like the Duke in power.

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The location of a school can have a big impact on your experience as a student. It’s important to be aware of your preferences and make sure you choose a college that lines up with what will make you happiest. In this article, I’ll give you some details on the characteristics of rural, urban, and suburban college environments so that you can decide which one sounds like the best fit for you. What Is a Rural College Environment Like? Rural colleges are colleges that are located in the country, often with access to wilderness areas and farms. Generally, a college is considered rural if its campus is in a town with a population of less than 25,000 people.These schools can provide great outdoor learning opportunities in fields like environmental science and agriculture. I attendedDartmouth College, which I would consider a rural schoolgivenits remote location in the small town of Hanover, NH. While there, I took a class called â€Å"Food and Power.† We got to go on a field trip to the organic farm that’s associated with the college and eat some delicious fresh asparagus. (Seriously, I didn’t know it was possible for asparagus to taste that good.)Students also had the opportunity to work on the farm and learn more about how food was grown, an experience that wouldn't be accessible in a city environment. Usually at rural colleges there will still be a small town of some kind nearby so you can buy basic necessities that aren’t available on campus.Rural colleges tend to be far from any major city centers, although some do provide busing for students to cities that are within a reasonable distance (e.g. a couple of hours away).Rural college campuses are often very self-contained, meaning that not many students will live off campus because there aren’t enough options! Most events will happen on campus since there are very few opportunities to go out to clubs or shows off-campus.For this reason, rural colleges will often bring free concerts and performances to their students.These can be pretty cool, and this state of affairsalso means that you’ll spend a lot less money on going out with your friends.The scenery and activities available can vary immensely depending on where a rural college is located. Some are near mountains with great skiing and hiking and some might be near lakes or nice biking trails. Examples of rural colleges include: Middlebury College Bucknell University Carleton College Bucknell University in either the spring or fall. I can't tell which it is. All I know is that those trees are showing a LOT of branch. Is a Rural College the Right Choice for You? Rural colleges are great for students who love the outdoors and want to be a part of a tight-knit community.If you prefer to go for a hike or hang out with your friends in a quieter setting rather than spend a night out on the town, a rural college may be right up your alley.Rural colleges are ideal for those who prefer a friendly, relaxed atmosphere where they will mainly be interacting with other college students.If the idea of living on campus for most or all of your time in college and sticking to the same few reliable options for entertainment and food doesn’t bother you, then you’ll probably like the atmosphere at a rural college. One drawback of this type of environment is that there might not be as many job or internship opportunities available in the immediate vicinity.However, this can also leave you more open to the possibility of traveling somewhere new and exciting for a summer internship or job rather than sticking around in the same area. Rural colleges will do their best to provide on-campus job opportunities for students who are interested. Another thing to keep in mind is the transportation situation at rural colleges. If you don't have a car, it's going to be difficult for you to get off campus. This can feel a little bit claustrophobic at times. Many schools do provide busing or access to local transportation systems, but it's much less convenient to get around without a car at a rural college. If you don't have a car, you will probably end up knowing someone with a car, though; it's typically not a huge issue unless you're set on driving home every weekend. What Is an Urban College Environment Like? Urban colleges are located in large cities (typically with populations of 200,000 or more).The layouts of urban college campuses can vary immensely; some are more self-contained in their own little bubbles, and some are spread throughout the city.If a campus is more spread out, the college often offers specialized public transportation shuttles for students or will provide students with passes to use on the city’s public transportationsystems.Urban college campuses are extremely variable depending on the city and neighborhood where they are located, so you'll need to visit the school and do some research before making too many assumptions about what the environment is actually like. In many cases, urban campuses will offer off-campus learning opportunities in the form of internships and classes that allow students to interact with the surrounding community.Since urban campuses have such a close proximity to so many company headquarters and job opportunities, they can be great places to start your internship search and get your foot in the door career-wise. Urban colleges will provide you with access to many off-campus entertainment options including museums, bars, clubs, concerts, movies, plays, and more.They also tend to attract a more diverse student body. Examples of urban colleges include: New York University Northeastern University UCLA The Northeastern University campus. Dat landscaping. Is an Urban College the Right Choice for You? If you’re all about being in an exciting setting with lots of events and diverse people, an urban college might be the place for you. Since students from a variety of different backgrounds tend to be drawn to schools in big cities, urban colleges usually have a less homogeneous student body than rural colleges.Urban colleges are good environments for outgoing students who like to explore and interact with all different types of people and cultures.There will always be something going on in the surrounding city, and you’ll be able to access pretty much any activity that interests you because of the breadth of experiences available.It’s likely that there will also be other college campuses nearby, so you might have more opportunities to meet and interact with students from other colleges. Overall, it's much easier to get around at urban colleges because you'll usually have access to a robust public transportation system. People will be able to visit you even if they don't have cars because of your central location. If you do have a car, you may run into some issues at an urban college because cars often become largely unnecessary, and it can be expensive to park. If you’re hoping to live off campus and get more of a taste of adult life in college, an urban college might be a good choice.You’ll have tons of choices for where you want to live as an upperclassman. Keep in mind, however, that you couldstill run into cost issues, especially in larger cities (looking at you, New York). High housing pricescan limit your choices and make dorm life a more realistic option.At an urban college, you also won’t be stuck with the school’s dining options or the limited number of restaurants that might be available at a college in a small town. If there’s a certain city that is a hot spot for a career field that interests you, you might consider attending an urban college in the area to do some networking. It's easier to make connections when you can meet up with potential employers face to face. What Is a Suburban College Environment Like? A suburban college is a college that’s located somewhere between the rural and urban college environment.These colleges may be in small cities, large towns, or residential areas near large cities with populations that number between 25,000 and 200,000.Suburban colleges will offer some of the qualities of both urban and rural schools depending on their proximity to cities and the layout of their campuses. Suburban college campuses tend to be self-contained like rural colleges, fostering a sense of community amongst students.However, students at suburban colleges will have more options for activities off campus in the surrounding area.Suburban campuses often provide students with access to both outdoor activities similar to those found at rural colleges and urban entertainment options such as the museums, concerts, and clubs mentioned above. In many cases, suburban colleges have strong ties to the towns in which they are located, meaning student discounts at local venues as well as more job and internship opportunities. Local transportation is often provided to students for easy access to activities in the area, but it may be less directly accessible than at urban schools. It can be useful to have a car at a suburban college, but it's usually not necessary for getting off campus. Examples of suburban colleges include: Pomona College University of Virginia Tufts University Pomona College, where you can't be sad unless you don't ever look outside. Is a Suburban College the Right Choice for You? If different aspects of both rural and urban colleges appeal to you, then the suburban college life might be a good fit.You may like being in the city to a certain degree, but you want to be able to get away that atmosphere sometimes and enjoy nature.Suburban colleges will give you many choices for how you want to spend your time outside of class. If you want to get off campus you can, but you can also choose to stay within the college bubble if that’s what makes you feel more comfortable.Depending on location, suburban colleges may offer more access to off-campus housing options for students.If you’re interested in living off-campus without being in the middle of a big, intimidating city, a suburban college could be a great choice. Conclusion Location and environment are very important factors to consider when choosing a college.Depending on your personality, you might be happier at a rural, urban, or suburban school.Rural campuses are great for students who want to experience the outdoors far from the hustle and bustle of city life and be a part of a very independent college community.Urban campuses might be a better fit for students who love to go out on the town, experience a wide variety of cultural events, and meet lots of new people outside of those who attend their same school.Suburban campuses present a mixture of both environments; if aspects of both rural and suburban colleges appeal to you, a suburban college might be the way to go. Remember that this is just one factor that you should think about in your college search!Read my guide on how to choose a college to help you start brainstorming your preferences and researching schools. What's Next? You've probably heard of safety schools and reach schools, but how should you go about choosing them for yourself? Read more about how to decide on the bestsafety schools and reach schools in these articles. Another important way that colleges are categorized is by their status as public or private institutions. Find out what each type of school offers and whether one might be a better fit for you. Going to a college that's far away from your hometown can be a tough transition, but it's a great experience for many students. Learn about the pros and cons of going to school out of state. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise Research Paper

Explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise - Research Paper Example This is a process that has taken to task doctors and scientists worldwide. One of the major setbacks to this work was inadequate finances. Though this is and has been a global problem, states were not able to come together to pool resources so as to support the noble work that the scientists set out to do. It turned out that only few countries provided the financial support to this project, while others showed no interests in the on-going work, yet they too are affected by the virus. The accomplishment was nonetheless realized thanks to the support of the non-governmental organizations and other well-wishers (Grady, 1995). Another great challenge is the fact that the HIV virus replicates very fast, and once it attacks a CD4+ T cell, it quickly makes very many copies of itself. These copies infect other immune cells. Since it makes many copies of itself, it overwhelms the body’s immunity hence weakening the body. This is worsened by the fact that as the replication takes place, there is DNA sequence change that results into different strands of the virus. The vaccine developed should be able to help prevent all these strands. Unlike many other viruses that attack the human body, the primary target of the HIV virus is the immune system, particularly the CD4+ cells. The virus destroys these cells hence making it difficult for the body to protect itself from other infections, even subsequent HIV infections. The vaccine developed therefore has to work to strengthen the system so that the invading virus does not weaken the body, but is able to prepare it to fight off the virus, at the same time leaving the body strong. There are already in existence big companies that manufacture anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), the drugs currently used to contain the deadly virus. These companies are already making billions in this business and would therefore want to keep making money. An attempt to come up with vaccines is a threat to their business

Performing Purchasing Agent Duties Research Paper - 1

Performing Purchasing Agent Duties - Research Paper Example It operated in large scale with very flexible approaches to business decisions concerning the entrepreneurial skills where there is hierarchy but the ideas flows from the bottom-up and top-down. This paper therefore seeks to assess the role of the purchasing agents in the Waters Inc. company and develop a request for proposal for companies dealing in computer soft wares To obtain the information on the project that the company is yet to get into, this gives the opportunity for the company to learn about the project and determine whether the client is a good match that can help the company to prepare their bids and draw up contracts (Cheng, Farooq & Johansen, 2011). The questions will also help to make the client to be aware of the basic requirements and find out whether they are capable of meeting them. The company of the Waters Inc. has issued this request for proposal for an integrated document management software system that are set for implementation to meet the operational requirement of the of the various departments that may include building safety, finance and management services and even the administrations. The company request for Five Pentium two computers, each of the computer to be powered by 500 megahertz microprocessor that has a RAM of 32 MB and can be expanded up to the capacity of 500 MB of RAM and a hard drive of 8 gigabytes with 3.5 inch floppy disk drives. The purpose of this request for proposal (REP) is to give information that is sufficient to allow the interested parties (offerors) to prepare and submit their detailed proposals to the Waters Inc. finance department that is the treasury for consideration. Office in charge of issuing the computer soft wares (treasury) has issued this REP on behalf of the Waters Inc. Company. The only person to be contacted on matters relating to the soft wares in the Waters Inc.

Representation Of The American Dream Film Studies Essay

Representation Of The American Dream Film Studies Essay Independence Day is a film directed by Roland Emmerich WHAT HAPPENED RELEASED in 1996, which shows the planet under an alien attack, where the U.S. is the center of the problem and the country that saves the world. In relation to this film several elements can be analyzed belonging to the American culture. One of the most significant is The American Dream. An ideal of American culture that is based on democracy and equality and aims to maintain the welfare of society, in order to achieve the fulfillment of the dreams of its members. Based on this, the question that this paper attempts to answer is: To what extent the movie Independence Day directed by Roland Emmerich reflects the American dream? In this paper is exposed how there is a relationship between The American Dream as a cultural element that represents an American ideal and the script of the film, where elements, the film presents such as leadership, equality in terms of race, gender and social context, and the image of a perfect democracy REPRESENT THIS FEATURE. So we can see IN THIS WAY that the film represents to a great extent and very clearly the American Dream, because it reaffirms the central role of American culture on a global context by exposing the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the American Dream as the country defends the planet from the Alien attack, it also brings these values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹to a global context as it takes the independence Day as a celebration of global importance, and showing America as a country where the dreams of an entire nation and its members are fulfilled. Word count: 262 INTRODUCTION Nowadays The United States is one of the most influential countries in the global context, taking into account its economic and military power. However its importance worldwide is also due to their culture, a culture that has strongly expanded in the Western Hemisphere by spreading a set of customs, traditions and ideals. Among the strongest and representative ideals of American culture is what is known as The American Dream, a concept that has transcended through history and has strongly consolidated American culture by showing that in this country people can achieve an ideal lifestyle where all of its members fulfill their dreams in a country that enforces their rights and welfare. Taking this into account it is important to analyze how these ideals are represented and displayed as part of American culture by focusing on a specific cultural artifact, in this case the film Independence Day directed by Roland Emmerich released on 1996. Roland Emmerich is a German film director, screenwriter and producer known by his science fiction productions which usually show humanity under catastrophic and risky situations. That is why on Independence Day a catastrophic context can be seen a context in which Planet Earth is under an Alien attack and places The United States in the center of the tragedy and as a country that puts all of its efforts to save the planet. The aim of this paper is to show: To what extent the film Independence Day directed by Roland Emmerich reflects the American Dream. For this IT IS NECESSARY TO analyze the concept of The American Dream as part of their culture in relation to the elements that the film shows, an analysis of the script by showing the different situations and characters, and an analysis of the symbols used throughout the film. THE AMERICAN DREAM AS REPRESENTATION OF THEIR CULTURE The concept of the American Dream was introduced by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic America, where he talks about this concept as a social ideal representative of American culture, which seeks equality in terms of opportunities and a comfortable lifestyle for everyone, based on a proper use of democracy to achieve it. The American dream is the cultural expression of North American identity and, even if it was occasionally transformed into the American nightmare, it remains one of the most motivating forces of American civilization and a still viable token of American exceptionalism. (Stiuliuc, 2011). According to this, Diana Stiuliuc in her text The American Dream as the Cultural Expression of North American Identity claims that the American Dream despite the different interpretations that may have, will always refer to the American culture as a unique factor that represents the American national identity. Taking these definitions into account we can see how this concepts fi t the American culture, because it is based on democracy and equality, concepts that were consolidated as part of that culture since they were mentioned in the American constitution and the declaration of Independence. On the other hand, referring to Ferdinand Lasalle who said on his book On the essence of constitutions (YEAR) that culture is related with public consciousness, we can consider a relationship between the Constitution and culture. It means that the constitution has to reflect the aspects of society that are determined by their customs, their morality, their ideas about good and evil and in general all kind of aspects that represent the members of a society, in order to make people identify with the constitution and actually obey the laws. According to this and focusing in the movie, it is significant to stand out some concepts that clearly reflect The American Dream because they are based on democracy and equality, the concept of The United States as a country with a perfect democracy, a multicultural country and a global leader. ANALYSIS OF THE SCRIPT Throughout the film America is depicted in many ways as a model of democracy. Several ideas present in the classic documents mentioned appear as concepts in the films plot, there are mainly four ideas represented in the film, they are: America depicted as a progressive country, America depicted as a land in which goals can be fulfilled with enough effort, America as a country in which peace and the due processes are a priority, and America as a country which authority comes from the consent of the governed. America is shown as a progressive country in terms of its political structure, as the movie shows how the country is worried about social progress and welfare. One of the main characters in the film is the President who takes on many roles depending on the situations he faces throughout the film; one of these roles is that of a young yet wise politician. In the film America is shown as a land in which youth is not a hindrance in terms of wisdom. This is shown at the beginning of the film when the Presidents communication director Constance Halbrook, another important character, shows the news to the President arguing that people are attacking not his policies but his age. Other types of progressive thinking are shown throughout the movie such as the presence of debate and protest among the citizens. The President is shown as a human being despite his role as a hero, if he is not defeated at the end of the film, it is due to his prowess as a politician and soldier instead of a set of special abilities inherent to himself. Protestors are shown when US police and military forces take place close to the Alien ships. And debate is implied in occasional TV broadcasts shown as secondary plot devices. America is depicted as a land in which dreams can be fulfilled throughout the entire film. Almost each character starts his or her journey with a certain frustration, David failed as a scientist, Constance failed in her previous relationship with David, Steven could not get a job in NASA and Jasmine struggles with keeping her family together. At the end of the film after each character is forced to grow and has to put huge efforts in developing their skills or going through great risk, is able to accomplish his or her goals, David and Steve succeed in their attack to the alien ship, Constance and Jasmine are able to put their families together. America is also shown as a peaceful country that wont attack unless it is attacked first. After Alien ships are positioned over each major city in the United States the President gives the order to approach them in a peaceful way by having a group of helicopters get close to one of the space ships and broadcast a welcome message. Following an offensive by the Aliens the President gives the order of a counterattack. Also it is implied at several moments that America is a country that respects the supremacy of others, it is only after the United States supremacy is threatened that open war begins. This is closely related to the idea mentioned before that America is a country in which authority comes from the consent of the governed. Most scenes in the movie show scenarios of political life, TV debates, the Oval Office, the White House and so on, democracy is a central theme to the movie. A very representative moment of this idea is when the President decides to prepare a nuclear attack just after receiving a message from the Aliens that describes their method; Aliens are compared to locusts, their essence is that of the exact opposite to the freedom of a democratic government. Some of the mentioned ideas have a parallel in classic documents. The fifth amendment of the United States constitution mentions due process as one of the main components of justice in the United States; this thinking is re-enacted several times during the film. Nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. (U.S constitution. Amendment. 5). The Declaration Of Independence states that the source of authority of each country should be the consent of the governed and not the authoritarian rule of a monarch, and that idea is reflected in the movie as it shows the concerns of the president anytime he is making a decision that may or may not benefit people. Another notorious idea is the representation of America as a multicultural country. Different genders and ethnicities are shown in the movie occupying different important roles, as it is an idea of equality that reaffirms The American Dream. Scientists are shown as people from Caucasian, Asian and African-American descent as well as one of the main characters, David, who is clearly of Jewish descent. Women have important roles during the film too, Constance and Margaret, the First Lady, are shown as brave and dedicated women among the world of politics, and Jasmine is shown as a strong woman and mother willing to do what it takes in order to survive and protect her family. It is important to mention about this element of the film what Hanson said on her work American Dream in the 21st Century an idea that shows a close relationship between the film and the American Dream. The American Dream represents a state of mind that is an enduring optimism given to a people who might be tempted to succumb to the travails of adversity, but who, instead, repeatedly rise from the ashes to continue to build a great nation. (Hanson, White, 2011). Soldiers that are one of the main components of the plot are also from different ethnic backgrounds. There is representation of Caucasians, African-Americans and Latinos, each person is compelled to fight for the independence of the United States regardless of their ethnic background or occupation as is mainly shown with Russell a farmer who is considered crazy and drunk during most of the film but turns into a hero by the end. Both the 15th and 19th amendments to the United States constitution defend gender and race diversity by protecting the right to vote of people from all genders and ethnicities. This idea is an essential part of The American Dream and their culture, and is therefore represented in the film repeatedly. Aside from that, it is important to mention how the military forces of the United States of America are shown throughout the film. Military forces are important since they are the first institution of the American government to appear in the film after the aliens have appeared and have been identified, they are the first group to face the threat and set research and analysis into motion. They are also the first ones to establish a defensive stance towards the invaders. This is shown in the movie since a Pentagon official who discovers the Aliens presence takes as first measure the action of summoning the Secretary of Defense. A very prominent idea shown in the film is the American position in regards of conflict against enemies. It is very important to stand out their role as negotiators and a peaceful society at the beginning of the film, they initially will not attack unless they are attacked. In the film, the first approach to the aliens by the American government is a peaceful one. After this peaceful attempt goes terribly wrong and the aliens attack, the army is given the green light to retaliate. This response as we mentioned before was of course more than ready. This peaceful feature of the American society has as well parallels in the official documents. In the Declaration Of Independence, it is stated that the King of England had attacked first by placing troops in American territory even in times of peace. It also says that America will stay in peace with all its allies and friends but will be in war with any enemy. Doing an analysis of the main characters points of view we can see that they always keep an attitude of braveness and enthusiasm. First of all we can see how the President always keeps a brave image and is never afraid or intimidated by the Aliens; he is always present at every moment, refusing any invitation to a shelter and doing everything possible for his country. This idea is reinforced when he decides to be a member of the final offensive fighting like any other soldier. Another element depicted in the film that reinforces this idea of America as a peaceful and caring country yet ready to battle, is how solidarity is an essential characteristic of all characters personality. This idea is prominently shown once again in the President. He is constantly shown as a loving family man. He appears for the first time during the film while receiving a call from his wife and being with his daughter. He stays with his daughter throughout the entire film and has his wife in mind. On the other hand, David is shown as a character attached to moral integrity, an environmentalist always concerned about taking care of the planet and the greater good. He is because of that the first one to go against the decision of launching a nuclear assault. Another recurrent theme in the film is the characterization of the United States as a technological super power. Scientists are during the story more than support characters, they are heroes. Since the beginning of the film scientific facilities are shown. In fact the first character to appear in the film is a scientist. The film goes back and forth between political and scientific scenarios in which all characters interact. America displays power in the film through politics, the army and technology. All these three scenarios are closely intertwined and together form what makes the United States a super power in the film. As mentioned, science appears in the film very early. The first image is a shot of the American flag placed on the moon showing one of the biggest achievements of humanity in terms of space exploration. Then it continues by depicting a scene of a Hi-tech facility in which scientists discover for the first time the presence of the Alien invaders. The importance of science in the movie not only as a tool of survival but as an icon of American pride is reinforced every time that characters face an obstacle in terms of technology. Very early in the film a member of the military is aggravated when an employee of the Pentagon admits that they are confused about what is going on. Another feature of the film related to the depiction of technology is the way that other countries technology is represented. Iraq and Russia are shown as countries in ruins after the alien attack, the Russian satellite is shown as old and is immediately destroyed, it is implied that the only network the Aliens use is the American one. David is therefore the most important character in the film in terms of technology. His personal journey goes from being a scientist who failed professionally despite his studies and intelligence to being the one who discovers the alien communication system and the one who learns how to destroy their defenses. David is the genius who represents the true power of America which is not the brute display of force but the use of knowledge, technology and progress. It is because of him that the world has to follow Americas lead during battle. Another very prominent representation of America in the film is that of the country being shown as a brave and resilient nation. Americans are shown as heroes who overcome adversity no matter how strong their opponents may be, always willing to defend themselves and their people, American scientists, politicians and soldiers seem to be utterly resilient and indestructible. That characteristic though is not shown as the starting point of the film, in fact, Americas most powerful cities are destroyed and all of their military efforts are rendered useless before the attack is successful displaying a story of heroes who had to sacrifice everything in order to win and who to be able to defend their freedom had to rely on their braveness only. Indeed America is shown as the Land of The Free and the Home of The Brave many times during the movie. The figures of the President and the First Lady are examples of courage, unwilling to hide, both decide to stay with the people of America during the alien attacks even after they are offered protection. The First Ladys sacrifice is therefore the ultimate display of braveness and will to resist against the oppressors. Even right before her death she is shown as a warrior who has set her mind on the only goal of defending her country even at the point of surrendering her life, she says she trusts her husbands capabilities in winning the battle turning her death into the moving force of the Presidents determination to win. The President is then the most important figure of braveness and resilience. Not only he is challenged in terms of his job he is also personally attacked and has his family destroyed before he can stand against the aliens. This mixture of professional and personal obligation comes together in his role as a soldier. The President is also a soldier with special abilities in the fields of air combat, he personally leads the final battle against the aliens, because of this reason he is fundamental to Americas victory, he embodies the might of the State, the braveness of Americans and the peoples will to resist and thrive through great efforts. Other main characters are symbols of courage and resilience. Russell is the everyman who even after being described as a bad father and mediocre man saves the day by showing that nothing else is more important than serving his country and fulfilling his duties as an American soldier, the President grants him the status of hero, because of this reason Russell receives the approval of his family and in spite of his previous failure he turns into a hero because of his braveness and willing to sacrifice. Steven is also the soldier who is willing to lose everything if it is for his country and his loved ones. His motivations are fulfilling his dream of being an astronaut, serving his country and protecting the family he wants to form with Jasmine. He puts himself at great risk by being a part of the stealth mission to destroy the enemy defense and does it without any hesitation. The same goes for David who as a member of this mission risks everything in name of the things he believes in, he is shown as an environmentalist who would do anything in order to save his country. Jasmine on the other hand shows another type of resistance. She is the one that as a main character represents the people of America. The everyday fighter, the passionate mother, she can only resist by doing what every civilian can do, being brave and trusting her state leaders. This is another prominent feature of the film. People are shown as hopeless yet brave citizens, they dont have the strength to fight against the aliens but do so by putting their trust in their government. The American civilians have anyway a common characteristic with the military and government their weakness that turns into braveness and finally victory. Then war is not between two equally powerful opponents, humans are obviously outnumbered and overpowered. Their machines and weapons are shown as tiny next to the huge weaponry of the aliens, even the final weapon against their defenses is tiny, a computer virus, showing that intelligence, courage and sacrifice are worth more than raw force. USE OF SYMBOLS One of the most prominent symbols shown in the movie is the speech given by the President to the soldiers prior to the battle against the aliens, where not only are displayed patriotic ideals but also America is depicted as a country that fully represents the promises of the American dream. One of the main symbolic references is the declaration of the 4th of July as a worldwide celebration extending the idea of The United States national independence to the entire world declaring that way that the ideals of the American revolution and its independence values are applicable to the entire world and should therefore be celebrated by all nations since they represent what is good for every nation. This reference to the 4th of July, which is of course a main idea in the film considering its relevance in relation to the title, places America as the leader of the world. The United States government and its military institutions are the ones to begin and lead the attack against the alien threat; the mentioned speech keeps a strong moral and military rhetoric style. The response from the listeners of the speech is highly emotional as they are all willing to defend these universal values in a clear reference to The American Dream. On the other hand we can talk about the symbols displayed visually. Throughout the film different places are shown and many are representative of American culture. Mainly, government buildings like the Pentagon or the White House and national monuments like the Statue of Liberty are shown, also the skylines of New York City and the city of Los Angeles are repeatedly featured. These symbols are a representation of the main aspects of American culture in relation to The American Dream; government buildings represent the power of the United States, its importance in keeping peace and order, as they show the importance of democracy. Cities like New York or Los Angeles are not only the main economic centers of the country but the most renowned touristic destinations in America. CONCLUSIONS Finally it can be seen how the concept of the American Dream has a very important role in everything related to the American culture, from it, the bases for a great amount of social ideals that represent and promote American culture and identity have been formed. The American Dream attempts to fulfill all ideals of equality and common well-being a nation where the dreams of all its members can become a reality depending on the extent to which they belong to the American society. It is very interesting also to analyze how these concepts go back to classic texts like the Declaration Of Independence and the Constitution of the United States since the importance of creating a global country had already been stated. Taking this into account, it can be seen how this film includes clear references reaffirming the cultural importance of the American Dream in a global context by showing how this nation has the capacity of being a world leader and keeping a society together. In the film, the concepts that depict the United States as a country with a perfect government system can be seen. America achieves through democracy a society that has equal rights for everyone regardless of ethnicity, gender and social differences but most of the film depicts America as a country able to keep a society in harmony where collective objectives and individual dreams are fulfilled. Finally, in terms of the inquiry that guides this paper, it can be seen that the film greatly represents the American Dream. Even from the title which refers to an American holiday but places it on a global context we can see how this film shows American values as the answer the world needs to be able to survive the invasion. We can see in the film how the United States is tested and destroyed just so it can reaffirm itself as a powerful nation in all its aspects, mainly culturally, showing the importance of the American Dream at a national and international level. Word count: 3974